Keira Ballantyne, Alicia Sanderman, Timothy D’Emilio, & Nicole McLaughlin. (2008). Dual language learners in the early years: Getting ready to succeed in school. Washington, DC: National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition. Available at http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/resabout/ecell/earlyyears.pdf
Ready or Not? A California Tomorrow Think Piece on School Readiness and Immigrant Communities. Available at:
http://www.aecf.org/KnowledgeCenter/Publications.aspx?pubguid=%7BFADE61C8-046C-4536-92F4-F3B969F1F7E5%7D
Six Research Based Guiding Principles Serving the Needs of English Learners in Preschool “School Readiness” Programs Developed by a Working Group from Eight County Offices of Education, convened by the Southern California Comprehensive Assistance Center in Spring 2005. Available at: http://www.californiatomorrow.org/areas_of_focus/early_childhood_education_+_school_readiness/index.php
Head Start Bulletin on English Language Learners. Available at: http://nccic.acf.hhs.gov/poptopics/englang-learners.html
Early Childhood Research & Practice (ECRP), a peer-reviewed electronic journal sponsored by the Early Childhood and Parenting (ECAP) Collaborative at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, ECRP is a bilingual Internet journal on the development, care, and education of young children. Beginning with the Spring 2004 issue (Vol. 6, No. 1), ECRP is a fully bilingual (English and Spanish) journal.
http://ecrp.uiuc.edu
Child Care & Early Education Research Connections. Young dual language learners: A Key Topic Resource List: June 2009. A compilation of selected Research Connections resources focused on language and literacy interventions, teaching strategies, and assessments for English language learners (ELLs), including a summary of issues addressed in the literature, and a listing of resources in the areas of: language and literacy development of young ELLs, involvement of families who speak English as a second language, teacher characteristics and interactions with young ELLs, interventions and assessments with young ELLs, and policy and practice considerations for serving young ELLs. Available at: http://www.childcareresearch.org/childcare/resources/16126?q=young+dual+lang
For further research and resources on second language learning and benefits of bilingualism:
Laura-Ann Petitto. (2008). Bilingualism and Young Children. . In the STARLight: Research & Resources for English Learner Achievement. Available at: http://en.elresearch.org/issues/3
Annick De Houwer. (1999). Two or More Languages in Early Childhood: Some General Points and Practical Recommendations. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics Online Resources: Digests July 1999 EDO-FL-99-03. Available at http://www.cal.org/resources/digest/earlychild.html
Ellen Bialystok. (2008). Language processing in bilingual children. Cambridge University Press.
Colin Baker. (2000). The care and education of young bilinguals: An introduction for professionals. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
Colin Baker. (2000, 2002, 2005). A parents’ and teachers’ guide to bilingualism. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
Linda Espinosa. Second Language Acquisition in Early Childhood. Available at: http://sccac.lacoe.edu/cpin/network_meetings/2007Jan18/From%20Caterpillar%20to%20Butterfly/SecondLanguageAcquisitionLEspinosa.pdf.
Linda Espinosa. Young English Language Learners in the U.S. Available at: http://www.parentsasteachers.org/atf/cf/%7B00812ECA-A71B-4C2C-8FF3-8F16A5742EEA%7D/Young%20English%20Language%20Learners%20in%20the%20U.S.%20article.pdf
Adam Winsler, Rafael Díaz, Linda Espinosa, & James Rodríguez. (1999). When Learning a Second Language Does Not Mean Losing the First: Bilingual Language Development in Low-Income, Spanish-Speaking Children Attending Bilingual Preschool. Child Development 70 (2), 349-362 doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00026
Lily Wong Fillmore. (1991). When learning a second language means losing the first. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 6, 323-346.
Peggy McCardle & Erika Hoff. Editors. (2004). Childhood Bilingualism: Research on Infancy Through School Age. Multilingual Matters Ltd.
McCardle, P. & Hoff, E. (Eds.) (2006) Childhood Bilingualism: Research on Infancy through School Age. . Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Available at: http://www.multilingualmatters.com
Carol Hammer, Frank Lawrence, & Adele Miccio. (2007). Bilingual children’s language abilities and early reading outcomes in Head Start and Kindergarten. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 38, 237-248.
Bronwyn Coltrane. (2003). Working with Young English Language Learners: some Considerations. Center for Applied Linguistics Online Resources: Digests May 2003. Available at: http://www.cal.org/resources/digest/0301coltrane.html
Linda Espinosa. (2008). Challenging Common Myths about Young English Language Learners. FCD Policy Brief Advancing PK-3. Available at:
http://www.fcd-us.org/usr_doc/MythsOfTeachingELLsEspinosa.pdf
Patton O. Tabors. (2002). Language and Literacy for all Children. Head Start Bulletin. Available at: http://www.headstartinfo.org/publications/hsbulletin74/hsb74_04.htm
Phillip Gonzales. (2005). Becoming Bilingual: First and Second language acquisition. Head Start Information & Publication Center. Available at: http://www.headstartinfo.org/English_lang_learners_tkit/Bilingual.htm
Online Video: Baby Talk: Researchers Study How Children Learn. BRIAN WILLIAMS, anchor: NBC News IN DEPTH http://www.icue.com/portal/site/iCue/flatview/?cuecard=2099
For further research and resources on Dual Language programs:
In Preschool
Barnett, W.S., Yarosz, D.J., Thomas, J., and Blanco, D. (2007). Two-Way and Monolingual English Immersion in Preschool Education: An Experimental Comparison. Early Childhood Research Quarterly 22, 277-293.
Dual Language and Literacy Development of Spanish-Speaking Preschool Children” (March/April 2007), in the Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, Vol. 28, Issue 2, by Mariela M. Páez, Patton O. Tabors, and Lisa M. López, summarizes results from a study that examined and compared language and literacy skills of bilingual (English and Spanish) children and monolingual (Spanish) children in preschool. It states the following:
This resource can be purchased from ScienceDirect at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W52-4MWY17G-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221
&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid 10&md5=89b4b66559a619bf39dc525e63f89608.
Laurie Olsen. SEAL: a Closer Look” from the Sobrato Early Academic Literacy program for English Learners. Available at: http://www.vcoe.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=GovAE6grw8w%3D&tabid=2280
In K-12
Kathryn Lindholm-Leary. (2008). Dual Language Education. In the STARLight: Research & Resources for English Learner Achievement. Available at: http://en.elresearch.org/issues/4
Jim Cummins (2006). A Framework for Promoting Sustained Reading Development Among English Learners. In the STARLight: Research & Resources for English Learner Achievement. Available at: http://en.elresearch.org/issues/1
Fred Genesee, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, William Saunders, & Donna Christian. (2006). Educating English Language Learners. NY: Cambridge University Press. This book reviews the research on English language learners, and provides evidence that shows the positive influence of an ELL child’s first language and literacy development on their development of proficiency and literacy in English.
Claude Goldenberg. (Summer, 2008). Teaching English Language Learners: What the research does – and does not – say. American Educator, pp. 8-23, 42-44. Available at: http://www.aft.org/pubs-reports/american_educator/issues/summer08/index.htm
Diane August & Kenji Hakuta, (Eds.) (1997). Improving schooling for language minority children: A research agenda. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Diane August & Timothy Shanahan. (Eds.) (2006). Developing literacy in second language learners. Report of the national literacy panel on minority-language children and youth. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. One key finding of this report - Oral proficiency and literacy in the first language can be used to facilitate literacy development in English. Executive summary of this report is available at: http://www.cal.org/projects/archive/nlpreports/Executive_Summary.pdf
For further research and resources on DLLs with language impairments or other special education concerns:
Fred Genesee, Johanne Paradis & Martha Crago. (2004). Dual language development and disorders: A handbook on bilingualism and second language learning. Baltimore, MD: Brooks Publishing Co.
Kathryn Kohnert, Dongsun Yim. Kelly Nett, Pui Fong Kan & Lillian Duran. (2005). Intervention with linguistically diverse preschool children: A focus on developing home language(s). Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 36, 251-263
Kathryn Kohnert. (2007). Supporting Two Languages in Bilingual Children with Primary Developmental Language Disorders. This article is an excerpt from Language Disorders in Bilingual Children and Adults (Kohnert, 2007). It is shared with permission of Plural Publishing. http://www.speechpathology.com/articles/pf_article_detail.asp?article_id=324
Early Childhood Research Institute on Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Available at: http://www.clas.uiuc.edu/aboutclas.html
For further research and resources on curriculum, instruction, and instructional materials issues with DLL students:
Creating a vision for supporting English Language Learners, Eileen M. Torres, Head Start Information and Publication Center, http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/Dual%20Language%20Learners/DLL%20Program%20Design%20&%20Management/Planning%20for%20Cultural%20and%20Linguistic%20Diversity/CreatingaVision.htm
Head Start English Language Learners Project http://www.hellp.org/
Head Start Bulletins/publications on ELLs http://www.headstartinfo.org/publications/hsbulletin78/cont_78.htm
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Maintained by the Office of Head Start: Websites of Interest related to dual language learners and their families http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/Dual%20Language%20Learners/DLL_%20Resources/WebSitesofInte.htm
Virtual pre_K link https://www.virtualpre-k.org/home
Preschool English Learners: Principles and Practices to Promote Language Literacy and Learning, California Department of Education, 2006, 916-445-1260.
CDE Preschool Learning Foundations http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/psfoundations.asp
California Preschool Instructional Network (CPIN) http://www.cpin.us/
Principles and Practices to Promote Language, Literacy and Learning: CPIN English Learning for Preschoolers Project http://www.cpin.us/p/pel/
Language and Literacy for all Children, by Patton Tabors. In Head Start Bulletin, 2002. http://nccic.acf.hhs.gov/poptopics/englang-learners.htm
Early Language and Reading Development of Bilingual Preschoolers From Low-Income Families” (October/December 2006), in Topics in Language Disorders, Vol. 26, Issue 4, by Carol Scheffner Hammer, reviews studies that discuss factors that affect early language and literacy skills of bilingual children from low-income families.
Additional information about this resource is available on the Child Care & Early Education Research Connections Web site at http://researchconnections.org/location/11726.
Developing the Young Bilingual Learner, NAEYC video, item #801, 202-232-8777,
http://www.naeyc.org
Goldenberg, C. (Summer, 2008). Teaching English Language Learners: What the research does – and does not – say. American Educator, pp. 8-23, 42-44. Available at: http://www.aft.org/pubs-reports/american_educator/issues/summer08/index.htm
Elizabeth R. Howard, Julie Sugarman, Donna Christian, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, & David Rogers (2007). Guiding Principles of dual language education programs, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics. Available for purchase at: http://www.cal.org/resources/pubs/guideprin.html
Elizabeth R. Howard & Julie Sugarman. (2007). Realizing the Vision of Two-Way Immersion: Fostering Effective Programs and Classrooms. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics and Delta Publishing Company. Available for purchase at: http://www.cal.org/resources/pubs/rtv.html
Herrera, C. (Ed.) (2007) Handbook for Using Houghton Mifflin LECTURA in Two-Way Bilingual Immersion Contexts. Los Angeles County of Education, Division for School Improvement. Available for purchase at: DSI 562-922-6343.
Mashburn, A.J., Justice, L.M., Downer, J.T., and Pianta, R.C. (2009). Peer effects on children’s language achievement during pre-kindergarten. Child Development 80(3), 686-702.
Judith Bernhard, Adam Winsler, Charles Bleiker, Jorge Ginieniewicz, and Amy Madigan. (2008). “Read My Story!” Using the Early Authors Program to Promote Early Literacy Among Diverse, Urban Preschool Children in Poverty. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR), Volume 13, Issue 1 January 2008 , pages 76 – 105. DOI: 10.1080/10824660701860458 http://www.ryerson.ca/~bernhard/early.html
Linda Espinosa, Dina Castro, Gisele Crawford, & Cristina Gillanders. (2007). Early school success for English language learners: A review of evidence-based instructional practices for pre-k to grade 3. In V. Buysse & L. Aytch (Eds.), Early school success: Equity and access for diverse learners. Executive Summary. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina, FPG Child Development Institute. Available at: http://www.fpg.unc.edu/~firstschool/assets/FirstSchool_Symposium_ExectuiveSummary_2007.pdf.
Patton Tabors. (2008) One Child, Two Languages: A Guide for Early Childhood Educators of Children Learning English as a Second Language. Second edition. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing.
Considerations for Early Literacy Development
Durgunoglu, A.Y., & Oney, B. (2000) Literacy development in two languages: Cognitive and sociocultural dimensions of cross-language transfer. US Department of Education, Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Language Affairs (OBEMLA), Reading Research Symposium, Washington, DC
Espinosa, L. & Burns, M. S. (2003). Early Literacy for Young Children and English Language Learners. In Howes, C., (Ed.) Teaching 4- to 8- Year Olds: Literacy, Math, Multiculturalism, and Classroom Community (pp. 47 – 69). Baltimore, MD: Brookes Publishing.
Lisa Lopez & Daryl Greenfield. (Spring 2004). Cross-Language Transfer of Phonological Skills of Hispanic Head Start Children. Bilingual Research Journal, v28 n1 p1-18.
Riches, C., & Genesee, F. (2006). Cross-linguistic and cross-modal aspects of literacy development. In Educating English language learners: A synthesis of research evidence, ed. F. Genesee, K. Lindholm-Leary, W. Saunders, & D. Christian, 64–108. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Yopp, H.K., & Stapleton, L. (2008). Conciencia Fonémica en Español (Phonemic Awareness in Spanish). The Reading Teacher,61(5), pp. 374–382 . DOI:10.1598/RT.61.5.2 ISSN: 0034-0561 print / 1936-2714 online
Considerations on Selecting Materials:
Jean Mendoza & Debbie Reese. (2001). Examining Multicultural Pictures Books for the Early Childhood Classroom: Possibilities and Pitfalls. Early Childhood Research & Practice [On-line]. Vol. 3, No. 2: Fall 2001University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Available at: http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v3n2/mendoza.html
Spanish Version: Una inspección de libros ilustrados multiculturales para los programas de la niñez temprana: Posibilidades y peligros. http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v3n2/mendoza-sp.html
Colorín Colorado - A bilingual site for families and educators of English language learners. Available at: http://www.colorincolorado.org/
Junior Jukebox Español - a 24 CD collection of children's music, with a large variety of themes, wonderfully performed in Spanish by noted singer/songwriter Jorge Lan. Search online using Junior Jukebox Spanish
Search online for children’s songs and literature in different languages
José-Luis Orozco – Spanish and bilingual songs to develop language and culture http://www.joseluisorozco.com/
Native Organization for Authentic Portrayal and Evaluation of Text Resources - http://www.oyate.org
For further research and resources on DLL parents/families/communities:
Resources in English:
Baker, C. (2000). A parents’ and teachers’ guide to bilingualism. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
Baker, C. (2007). A parents’ and teachers’ guide to bilingualism. Third Edition. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Available at: http://www.multilingualmatters.com
King, K., & Fogle, L. (2006). Raising bilingual children: Common parental concerns and current research. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics Online Resources: Digests July 1999 EDO-FL-99-03. Available at: http://www.cal.org/resources/digest/digest_pdfs/RaiseBilingChildi.pdf
Eggers-Piérola, C.(2005). Connections & Commitments/Conexión y Compromiso: Reflecting Latino Values in Early Childhood Programs. Portsmouth, NH. Heinemann.
Gilliard, J.L., Moore, R.A., & Lemieux, J.J. (Fall 2007). “In Hispanic Culture, the Children Are the Jewels of the Family”: An Investigation of Home and Community Culture in a Bilingual Early Care and Education Center Serving Migrant and Seasonal Farm Worker Families. Early Childhood Research & Practice (ECRP) Vol. 9 No. 2. Available at: http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v9n2/gilliard.html
King, K., & Fogle, L. (2006). Raising bilingual children: Common parental concerns and current research. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics Online Resources: Digests July 1999 EDO-FL-99-03. Available at: http://www.cal.org/resources/digest/digest_pdfs/RaiseBilingChildi.pdf
King, K., & Mackey, A. (2007). The Bilingual Edge: Why, When, and How to Teach Your Child a Second Language. Collins. New York, N.Y. Available at: http://www.harpercollins.com/
Bilingual Family Newsletter (BFN), Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. http://www.bilingualfamilynewsletter.com
The National Task Force on Early Childhood Education for Hispanics. Available at: http://www.ecehispanic.org/ (English)
Multilingual Children’s Association http://www.multilingualchildren.org/index.html
A Place to Begin: Working With Parents on Issues of Diversity, by Dora Pulido-Tobiassen and Janet Gonzalez-Mena. Available from California Tomorrow, 436 14th Street, Suite 820, Oakland, California, 94612, 510-496-0200 ($20, plus $5 shipping and handling).
Pearson, B. (2008) Raising a Bilingual Child. Living Language, Random House. Available at: http://www.livinglanguage.com
Colorín Colorado - A bilingual site for families and educators of English language learners. Available at: http://www.colorincolorado.org/
Resources in Spanish:
Ada, A. F. & Baker, C. (2001). Guía para padres y maestros de niños bilingües. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
Ada, A. F. & Campoy, F. I. (1998), Ayudando a Nuestros Hijos. San Francisco, CA. Del Sol Publishing.
“En la cultura hispana los niños son las joyas de la familia”. Una investigación de la cultura familiar y comunitaria en un centro bilingüe de cuidado y educación infantil que sirve a familias de trabajadores migrantes y temporales en la agricultura. http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v9n2/gilliard-sp.html
King, K., & Fogle, L. (2006). La crianza de niños bilingües: preocupaciones comunes de los padres y las investigaciones actuales. Available at: http://www.cal.org/resources/digest/RaiseBilingChild-Spanish.html
Niños de edad preescolar que aprenden inglés: Prinicipios y practices que fomentan el lenguaje, la lecto-escritura y el aprendizaje - Guía de Recursos. (2008). Departamento de Educación de California. http://www.edgateway.net/pub/docs/pels/overview.htm
Colorín Colorado - A bilingual site for families and educators of English language learners. Available at: http://www.colorincolorado.org/?langswitch=es
PROMISE Preschool: Further Information
For further research and resources on assessment with DLL children:
ACEI, "On Standardized Testing: A Position Paper of the Association for Childhood Education International." Childhood Education. Spring, 1991. pg. 130-142
Preschool Assessment: A Guide to Developing a Balanced Approach. by Ann S. Epstein, Lawrence J. Schweinhart, Andrea DeBruin-Parecki and Kenneth B. Robin. NJ: National Institute for Early Education Research. 2004.
Where We Stand on the Screening and Assessment of Young English-Language Learners. Adapted from the 2005 supplement to the NAEYC and National Association of Early Childhood Specialists in State Departments of Education (NAECS/SDE) 2003 joint position statement Early Childhood Curriculum, Assessment, and Program Evaluation: Building an Effective, Accountable System in Programs for Children Birth through Age 8.
Buysse,V., Castro, D. C.,West,T., & Skinner, M. L. (2004). Addressing the needs of Latino children: A national survey of state administrators of early childhood programs. Executive summary. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina, FPG Child Development Institute. http://www.fpg.unc.edu/~nuestros/pages/products.cfm?tab=prod
Espinosa, L.M., & Lopez, M.L. (2007). Assessment Considerations for Young English Language Learners Across Different Levels of Accountability. Available at: http://www.pewtrusts.org/our_work_report_detail.aspx?id=31164
Brice, A.E., & Brice, R.G. (2007, Sept. 25). A Tale of Two Languages. The ASHA Leader, 12 (13), 14-16, 39.
Additional Administrator resources:
Head Start Early Childhood Learning & Knowledge Center: DLL and Professional Development: Available at: http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/Dual%20Language%20Learners/prof_dev
Head Start Early Childhood Learning & Knowledge Center: Program Preparedness Checklist for Serving Dual Language Learners and their Families http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/Dual Language Learners/DLL_ Resources/Program Preparedness Checklist Version 2.pdf
Five Steps to Community Assessment: A Workbook for Head Start and Early Head Start Programs Serving Hispanic and Other Emerging Populations - The Community Assessment Workbook presents the five steps on how to conduct a thorough and up-to-date community assessment. The Workbook will help programs identify new or underserved populations in the service area, assess their needs and identify available resources. Head Start and Early Head Start grantees will find this resource useful in coordinating and executing their community assessment.
http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/Program Design and Management/Management and Administration/Community Assessment/Community Assessment Process/FiveStepstoCom.htm